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Foetal Medicine & Maternal Care

Most pregnancies are uncomplicated and regular antenatal care usually ensures an uneventful pregnancy and childbirth. However, some women have problems anteceding pregnancy or have had problems in their previous pregnancies which puts them at risk of developing complications in pregnancy which can affect both the mother and her unborn child. Such conditions include an advanced maternal age > 35 years, obesity, previous medical conditions like Diabetes, Hypertension, previous baby with a genetic disorder like Down’s or Thalassemia or a family history of the genetic disorder.

Foetal Medicine is a sub-speciality branch of Obstetrics and is now an integral part of all pregnancy care, both low risk and high risk. It deals with the well-being of the unborn child to ensure the birth of a healthy and normal child.

What do you need to know about problems affecting the unborn foetus?

In case of a previous history/family history of a genetic disorder, Prenatal Genetic Counselling by a genetic counsellor can be offered to such parents to help them plan their future pregnancies. Screening for risk of such genetic disorders can be offered to all pregnant women in early and mid – pregnancy. Sometimes an unborn child may have a structural deformity which may be lethal or sometimes associated with a chromosomal or genetic abnormality and this can affect 5 – 6 in 100 babies.

Foetal Medicine can help in detecting these abnormalities in pregnancy and early detection can help in planning the management. In conditions where the maternal disease as mentioned earlier can affect the growth and the well-being of the foetus later in pregnancy, dedicated foetal medicine unit can monitor these babies and advise timely delivery of such babies who may be born premature, small or big to ensure a good outcome.

Foetal Medicine Services

A multidisciplinary approach is adopted for a more comprehensive care for mothers and babies with complex conditions. Our team of experts include maternal foetal medicine specialists, obstetricians, neonatologists and paediatric surgeons who share a passion for providing exceptional care to these pregnancies.

Foetal Medicine Services we offer

  • Prenatal Screening

  • Foetal Diagnosis

  • Genetic Counselling

Prenatal Screening

Prenatal screening is done to assess the chance of the foetus in utero having any genetic conditions or any structural abnormality. Screening test cannot tell for sure whether the baby has any genetic condition but only the chance of having it. To find out for sure, a diagnostic test must be done.

  • Down’s Syndrome Screening test is the most common screening test done worldwide.

    This is done by the

    NT scan + Double Marker test- known together as the First trimester Screening test which is done from 11 to 13 weeks 6 days. The ultrasound markers and blood tests are combined together to give a probability

    For those who missed the FTS, a Genetic Sonogram and the Quadruple test can be done from 16-20 weeks

  • The other screening commonly done are:

    Pre-eclampsia Screening

    It is done between 11 to 13 weeks

    It involves ultrasound scan to assess the placental blood flow, in combination with the mean arterial blood pressure, Serum PAPP-A, maternal blood marker and Placental Growth Factor (PLGF)

Preterm Labour Screening

Cervical Screening by transvaginal ultrasound is done at 11-13 weeks and 18-24 weeks. A short cervix may lead to preterm birth and appropriate management can be adopted when detected early.

Foetal Diagnosis

Foetal Birth Defects can be detected before birth because of the world class imaging and diagnostics. Foetal Medicine Specialists use high tech tools and the best USG machines to assess and diagnose Foetal conditions.

Preterm Labour Screening

Some of the common diagnostic USGs are:

Early Anomaly Scan: 12-17 weeks
Second Trimester Anomaly Scan: 18-23 weeks
Foetal Viability Scan: (Till 11 weeks)
Foetal Growth & Doppler Scan: 24 weeks till birth
Foetal Echocardiography
3D & 4D ultrasound
Foetal MRI

Diagnostic Invasive Testing

It is done to diagnose certain foetal conditions.

  • It is usually done:

    In cases of certain hereditary diseases which can be picked up from parents such as Thalassemia.

    In cases of a screen positive FTS or a Quadruple test.

    In cases of detection of structural abnormalities, picked up by the USG, which may be genetically associated.

  • These are

    Chorionic Villus Sampling: 11-13 weeks 6 days

    Genetic amniocentesis 16 weeks onwards

Foetal Therapy

The aim is to diagnose and treat if treatable, the abnormalities in the unborn for its well-being.

We offer comprehensive foetal care which includes:

  • Intrauterine Foetal blood transfusion

  • Foetoscopic laser photocoagulation for twin-twin transfusion syndrome

  • MultiFoetal reduction

  • Foetal shunt placement

  • Amniotic band resection

  • Ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT)

  • Amnioreduction in case of polyhydramnios

What Neotia Bhagirathi Woman and Child Care Centre, New Town offers?

  • After the diagnosis, the parents are counselled by the Foetal Medicine Specialist along with a relevant consultant e.g. – paediatric surgeon, paediatric cardiologist regarding further treatment if required.

  • At Neotia Bhagirathi Woman and Child Care Centre, New Town we provide a holistic ambience for the children.

  • Utmost care for women who are experiencing complications in pregnancies.

  • Dedicated Obstetrics and Gynaecological department with fully equipped adult ICU.

  • Level 3 NICUs, SCBU backed by an experienced neonatologist, Paediatrician to take care of your ill child.

High-risk pregnancies and problems with the unborn child are not uncommon. Foetal Medicine thus focuses on the health of the foetus in the uterus, thereby detecting Foetal abnormalities, treating them if treatable, checking for Foetal growth and well-being, planning delivery at the optimum time to prevent intrauterine deaths along with prior planning of the management with the department of neonatology (neonatologists, paediatric surgeons & cardiologists) to provide optimal treatment to the unborn child.

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